Status: Just getting started studying this.
Conjecture: The most common applications of optimal stopping algos are similar to the Secretary Problem.
That problem basically asks "When do we stop evaluating interviewees?" and is equivalent to a whole lot of more interesting things, such as "When do we stop evaluating employment offers?"
Some solutions are known that offer at least a 33% chance of getting the right answer, such as:
Of course, that is an oversimplification and leaves a lot of considerations out.
Read through these stopping when you can no longer grok the math (optimal! ;) and you will have a good overview: